Boosting Infrastructure Investment for a Sustainable Future

Published on June 21, 2024 by Ambarish Srivastava

Infrastructure investment refers to allocating capital to construct physical systems and structures essential for the functioning of society and the economy. This includes investment in transport (roads, bridges, airports), utilities (water, electricity, gas), communication (telecom, internet) and social (hospitals, schools) infrastructure.

Infrastructure investment was traditionally dominated by governments, but with the advent of public-private partnerships, infrastructure investment began attracting significant investor interest. Subsequently, private-capital funds with a focus on infrastructure investment, especially on “real assets”, emerged as providers of required capital. AuM in real assets increased at a CAGR of 17% while overall private-capital AuM increased at a CAGR of 13%^[1] over 2012-22, according to PitchBook.

This growth in AuM was driven by a range of supportive trends now fuelling the growth of infrastructure investment. This blog discusses a few of these.

Sustainable and green infrastructure – the new gold rush

There is a growing trend towards investing in sustainable infrastructure that supports environmental goals, such as renewable-energy projects (wind, solar, hydroelectric power), energy-efficient buildings and electric vehicle (EV)-charging stations. This is driven^[2] by (1) rising market demand, fuelled by increasing awareness of climate change and supportive government policies to curb carbon emissions, (2) improving efficiencies in renewable technologies, especially in solar and wind energies, and (3) a strong focus on ESG considerations.

Investment in the energy transition reached USD18tn in 2023, of which three-fourths was from private sources. Major expansion started in 2020, with significant flow to power grids, transporting electricity and renewable energy.^[3]

The EV-charging market is expected to grow at a CAGR in the range of 8.8%^[6] to 44.5%^[7] in the next six to seven years. Energy-efficient buildings, part of the broader ESG trends in commercial real estate, are the next frontier, driving significant interest among real estate investors.

Demographic shifts influence demand for certain types of infrastructure

Ageing populations in developed countries are driving demand for healthcare and senior living facilities. In addition to supportive technologies in healthcare, developed countries are adding hospital capacity, with an increase in private investment, especially in Europe.

For example, in Europe, governments, healthcare providers and financiers are facing challenges in developing infrastructure for health services. Such infrastructure is capital-intensive, and there is uncertainty due to rapid changes in technology and policy. In such a scenario, regions such as Europe that traditionally relied on public funding are increasing the participation of private funding.^[9]

Urbanisation in developing countries is also increasing, driving demand for infrastructure investment.

Countries in the upper-middle-income category are witnessing rapid urbanisation, leading to congested cities and requiring substantial investment in all civic services and infrastructure, including mass transport, affordable housing and sanitation. The table below lists examples of recent mass-transit projects that have attracted approximately USD20bn in investment.

Project	Country	Description
Mumbai Metro Line 3	India	Connect Colaba in South Mumbai to the Bandra-Kurla Complex
Bengaluru Metro Phase 2	India	Expand the metro network by 150km
Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Phase 2A	Indonesia	Extend the MRT line from Bundaran HI to Kota
Ho Chi Minh City Metro Line 1	Vietnam	Connect Ben Thanh Market to Suoi Tien
Lagos Rail Mass Transit Blue Line	Nigeria	Connect Okokomaiko to Lagos Marina
Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Phase 2	Ethiopia	Extend the light rail network by 10km
Cairo Metro Line 4 Phase 2	Egypt	Extend the metro line from El Matariya to New Cairo
Mexico City Metro Line 12 Extension	Mexico	Extend the metro line by 7km
Bogota TransMilenio Phase III	Colombia	Extend the bus rapid transit system by 20km
Santiago Metro Line 7	Chile	Connect Renca to Vitacura

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are gaining traction, especially in the Americas

Governments are increasingly turning to PPPs to finance, build and operate infrastructure projects. PPPs ensure that returns have minimal impact amid volatility, such as high interest rates, inflation or both.^[11] PPPs in infrastructure development are expected to reduce default on infrastructure loans.^[12]

The value of PPP projects increased from 2021 to 2023, with significant activity in the Americas – North America (17% CAGR) and Central and South America (73%). Europe and Asia also delivered growth in 2022 compared to 2021, but saw a decline in 2023 compared to 2022.

PPPs enable sharing risks and rewards between the public and private sectors and can lead to more efficient project delivery. The three prominent PPP models in practice^[14] are (1) build-operate-transfer (BOT), (2) build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) and (3) design-build-finance-operate (DBFO).

Outlook for infrastructure investment is strong

There is strong demand for infrastructure to meet the needs of growing populations and resource requirements such as for energy and data. As a result, infrastructure investment, especially in real assets, is rising significantly, driving investor interest in this sector.

How Acuity Knowledge Partners can help

We have years of experience in serving infrastructure strategies of global private equity firms in all key infrastructure sectors – core and core+, providing support on deal sourcing, due diligence, portfolio management, CRM and back- and middle-office operations.

Sources

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About the Author

Ambarish Srivastava

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Ambarish has about 17 years of experience in business research, analysis and consulting. He is engaged in leading deep-dive strategic projects, due-diligence support, issue-focused trend analysis and similar assignments for our Private Markets clients. His previous experience includes tenures with startups, the Big Four and consulting organisations, where he focused on industry studies, price forecasting, company analysis, macroeconomic studies and other strategic engagements.